What types of neurosyphilis can be divided into?
Neurosyphilis is a rare but serious infection of the brain and spinal cord caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which also causes syphilis. Neurosyphilis can occur in the early or late stages of syphilis, and the symptoms vary depending on the stage of the infection.
Early Neurosyphilis
Early neurosyphilis occurs within the first year after infection with syphilis. The symptoms of early neurosyphilis include:
Headache
Fever
Stiff neck
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion
Seizures
Paralysis
Late Neurosyphilis
Late neurosyphilis occurs more than a year after infection with syphilis. The symptoms of late neurosyphilis include:
Dementia
Personality changes
Difficulty speaking or swallowing
Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
Loss of vision or hearing
Seizures
Types of Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis can be divided into four main types:
Meningovascular neurosyphilis is the most common type of neurosyphilis. It affects the meninges, which are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, and the blood vessels in the brain.
Parenchymatous neurosyphilis affects the brain tissue itself.
Tabes dorsalis is a type of neurosyphilis that affects the nerves in the spinal cord.
General paresis is a type of neurosyphilis that affects the brain and causes dementia.
Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis is diagnosed with a blood test and a spinal tap. The blood test checks for antibodies to Treponema pallidum, and the spinal tap checks for the presence of the bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Treatment of Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis is treated with antibiotics, usually penicillin. Treatment is typically given for 10-14 days.
Prevention of Neurosyphilis
The best way to prevent neurosyphilis is to avoid infection with syphilis. Syphilis is spread through contact with infected sores on the genitals, mouth, or rectum. You can protect yourself from syphilis by:
Using condoms during sex
Getting tested for syphilis regularly if you are at high risk for infection
Being treated for syphilis if you are infected
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